Neutrino radiation during a supernova can cause cancer or other diseases up to 7 AU from the explosion site. However, this applies only for white dwarfs. However, during a supernova, it becomes relevant. Neutrino radiation usually gets unnoticed. They don't have habitable zones, but are known to host planets.Įach explosion wave will have a different and distinct effect on the nearby planets. Neutron Stars are thought to produce a supernova or at least a nova as they age.Their habitable zones are very close, less then 1 AU, severely threatening the chances of a planet to survive. They don't have habitable zones, but might have planets suitable for colonization. Wolf-Rayet Stars are also very large and bright.However, planets suitable for terraforming or paraterraforming could be located much closer or further away. A habitable zone around Betelgeuse is located within 180 AU. If we replace the Sun with Betelgeuse, which is a supergiant star, all planets up to Jupiter will be engulfed by it. The most important factor is distance to the star. The fate of a planet is dictated by a few factors. Plasma waves: As the outer layers of the star as pushed away, they are transformed into a very fast and very hot plasma wind, eroding all objects it encounters. They release a huge amount of energy, mostly as blue and ultraviolet light. Light waves: They are visible at 3 hours after core collapse and last until the end. Luckily, they are spread on a very narrow angle. They are very powerful and can destroy life on a planet located hundreds of light years away. They last up to 20 minutes and are seen at 3 hours before visible supernova. Gamma ray bursts: They are formed when very massive stars explode and escape through the poles, shortly after neutrino waves. They occur in the first 10 seconds after core collapse. Neutrino waves: They last for roughly 10 seconds and are so powerful that can be recorded from Earth. Just like an atomic bomb, which produces three destructive waves, a supernova produces multiple waves. This will influence the explosion itself and make it asymmetrical. Neutrinos will find holes in the wall and will escape most often through them. This push actually triggers the explosion. So, neutrinos have to lose a small amount of energy, pushing the iron wall away. This matter, known as the iron wall, gets so compressed, that even neutrino radiation cannot easily pierce through. Surrounding the core, matter (already fused up to the state of iron) falls in, to fill the empty space formed after core collapse. That is, 99% of the energy passes away from the star, unnoticed and without interacting with anything. The energy from core collapse is mostly transformed into neutrino radiation. The star cannot sustain its weight any longer. At that point, fusion reactions no longer produce energy. Basically, a star sustain thermonuclear reactions, fusing what it has into heavier elements, until it reaches iron. The mechanism of a supernova is much more complex then it seems.
0 kommentar(er)
